Specialization Patterns in International Trade
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Across-Product versus Within-Product Specialization in International Trade∗
The unit values of US manufacturing imports vary widely within very narrowly defined products. In cross-section, unit values are higher for varieties exported by capital and skill abundant countries, and they increase with the capital intensity of exporters’ production techniques. Over time, the same products increasingly are sourced from more disparate countries. These facts reject ‘old’ trade...
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According to the two empirical observations about U.S. imports, endowments-driven ‘within-product specialization’ has been increasing. From the data analysis, both these observations are shown extending to the imports of Brazil, India and Japan. However, in this paper, our finding is focused on that two factors driving the classical observations. First, China is the dominant low-wage exporter o...
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This paper documents patterns in international trade costs in processed foods for a large cross-section of developing and developed countries, during the 1976-2000 period. A trade costs index is inferred from a micro-founded gravity equation that incorporates bilateral ‘iceberg’ trade costs. For 2000, the weighted average tariff equivalent of trade costs ranges from 73% for the North to 134% fo...
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Design patterns offer many advantages for software development, but can introduce inefficiency into the final program. Program specialization can eliminate such overheads, but is most effective when targeted by the user to specific bottlenecks. Consequently, we propose that these concepts are complementary. Program specialization can optimize programs written using design patterns, and design p...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: SSRN Electronic Journal
سال: 2015
ISSN: 1556-5068
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2579591